The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

Post an example of a scroll.
What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
only allowed sequential usage

Post an example of a codex.

What is a codex?
a covered and bound collection of hand written pages

"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
it was compact and sturdy

What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
sequential access you had to read it the way it was written
random access means you can go to any point to find information

What were the advantages of using the codex?
random access, it can be opened flat, portable, organized

What helped spread the use of the codex?
rise of Christianity, the bible

What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
parchment paper a substrate made form animal skin such as sheep goats and cows. hair and fat were removed and the skin was smoothed out, then it was soaked in water, then it was stretched out flattened and dried

What is vellum?
a finer quality of parchment made form skin of young calfs

Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
ipads, kindles,

What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
the decline of the roman empire

Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.
Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
monks

What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
the borders illustrations, and ornamentation added on each page. it included initials of chapters, painting in margins, borders and all around text

What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
natural quill pens

Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
because the work was so laborious

What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?

how they were created. it is important because some manuscripts with good craftsmanship are still around today

The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
greek alphabet

What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
formal script was for important documents
informal script was for quicker writings like a letter

Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?it is refined way of writing. they used serifs, baseline

From where did serifs originate?
carving of words in to stone, stone men added hooks to tips of letters to prevent the chisel from slipping

When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
lowercase was used for informal writings

What is a ligature and why were they utilized?the connection of two letters in scrips

Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form.

The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
phynicians traveled to greece for trade

How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?
included vowels

Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
it gave rise to other alphabets world wide

Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?
it has vowels and concinents

Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.

The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
each sign represents one spoken sound

Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?Angular and straight written left to right, incised with a stylus

What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
it was different form another writing method at that timebecause of their trading culture their alphabet spread into parts of africa and europe

What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?it was the first widespread script, it was simple, and common people could use it

Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
persians, romans, greeks

Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
carved and painte

d images on every wall and surface
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
cuneiform

What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
logograms are visual symbols representing ideas or objects, they were simple and recognizable
alphabetic can later as the language evolved

The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
Hiero: sacred
Glyphic: writing

What is a scribe?
priests who could read and write instructions for religious rituals

Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
students, military le

aders to communicate during battle

Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?

substrate made form reeds; wet reeds were placed over each other, flattened, and dried. then they were rubbed with flat

stones

to make the surface smooth

What is a substrate?
a plant

What were the Books of the Dead?
instructions and spells to help pharaohs find their way to the after life

How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?

egypt became under the rule of the greeks and romans, and few egyptians knew how to read or write them

Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.
What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
it is a slab with inscriptions on it, it had the same inscription on it 3 times in 3 different languages. It was found in Rosetta.

What three languages are included on the stone?
egyptian hieroglyphics, demotic, and greek

Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
part of the stone was missing and none of the 3 texts were complete

Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Francois Champollion, when he matched up the hieroglyphics with the greek versions of the egyptian pharaoh Ramses

Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?

we can now read most Egyptian heirogliphics

Assignment #14 Research and Inspiration

Research:

Packaging Designer: create effective three-dimensional designs to promote brands on the shelves.

Why is package design important? the design of the package is what draws a consumers eye to this product vs another. It is the product's identity.

Inspiration:

eye-catching, simple, creative, effective, unique, an attention grabber

Who is my audience?

myself, and my classmates

What am I trying to tell them? I am telling them about the career of being a package designer.

What colors/ styles will work for my audience? bright, colorful, unique, Z pattern, emphasis, and repetition

I like the

pattern of this one, the golden key is very eye catching. But it doesn't have very many pictures and isn't very bright of colorful.

I like how cute and color full these are. The package designer was a genius.

I like these they are different than the normal everyday tissue boxes.

Boring life with out packaging designers.

I like how this poster has a bunch of color in that one corner and the the rest is jus kind of plain and simple.

Maybe on my poster I could start plain and simple and say like " imagine a world where every thing was kept in the came boring box" then transform into colorful packages like the juice boxes and be like "package designers keep that from happening by designing new, fresh , and creative, ways to package things".

Visual Organization

- not directing the audience through a design is misdirecting them

Eye Movement:

• The typical eye moves left to right and top to bottom.
• Controlling eye movement within a composition is a matter of directing the natural scanning tendency of the viewer's eye.
• The eye tends to gravitate toward areas of complexity first. In pictures of people, the eye is attracted to the face and the eye.
• Light areas of a composition will attract the eye, especially when adjacent to a dark area.
• Diagonal lines will guide the eyes movement.

Optical Center:

• The spot where the eye tends to enter the page. It is normally slightly above the exact center and a little to the left.
• It takes a compelling element to pull your eyes away from this spot.

Z Pattern

• Our visual pattern makes a sweep of the page, generally, in the shape of a "Z".

-effective page design maps a viewer's route through the information. the designer's objective it to lead the viewer's eye to important elements or information

Fonts Guidelines

• use no more than 2 fonts with in a page, make sure they complement each other
• avoid all caps
• choose the right font according to the overall tone of your design
• do not over use fancy and complicated fonts (curly, decorative, script)

www.typography.com/email/2010_03/index.htm

Visual Hierarchy

• establishes focal points based on importance of the message being communicated
• establish order of elements, a visual structure, to help the viewer absorb the information provided by a design
• ask yourself: What do I want the viewer to see first/ second/ third/ etc.?   

The Grid

• a way of organizing content on a page by using margins, guide lines, rows and/ or columns
• instituted by modernism
• can assist the audience by breaking info into manageable chunks and establishing relationships between text and images
• consists of a distinct set of alignment- based relationships that act as guides for distributing elements across a format
• every design is different so every design has a different grid structure
• clarifies the message and unifies elements

Cuneiform and the Sumerians | 3,000 BC

The Sumerians were one of the earliest types of this kind of civilization? What does that mean?
It means their history is the 1st of our written language and the very beginning of our recorded history

Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?
because it was where cuneiform, the worlds 1st written language, was created
What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?
agriculture

Post an example of early Cuneiform (Sumerian pictograph).
Why was Cuneiform created?
because of an increase in business transactions, and a need to keep track of it all
What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
clay tablets; they would wet the clay, form them into flat surfaces, and make impressions into the clay. then they would lay them in the sun to dry the clay.

What did Cuneiform begin as a series of?
pictographs

Post an example of evolved Cuneiform (wedge-shaped).
After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?
a wedge shaped language

Post an example of Akkadian Cuneiform.

After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?
the akkadians adopted the sumerian culture

What is a pictograph?
a visual representation of an object

Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture?because they could keep track of business transactions

Cave Paintings | 35,000 years ago

What are cave paintings?
detailed and colorful representations fond inside of cave walls and ceilings

Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
large animals such as bison and horses, humans hands, and abstract paintings
How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
with paints made from water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, charcoal; and brushes of sticks and animal hair
What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?
Lascaux, in France, discovered in 1940 by teenage boys that found it accidentally
Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?
paintings were being damaged by carbon dioxide. French government created Lascaux II, an man made replica.

In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?

red clay in the

soilWho discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
Marceline Sanz De Sautuola and his

daughter Maria. 19000 years ago

What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?

Chauvet- Point Arc discovered in 1944 by Eliette Brunell Deschamps, Christian Hillaire, and Jean- Marie Chauvet
What was different about the painting techniques at this site?
the walls had been scraped clean of debris and a 3D effect was created by etching around the edges

What is "speleology"?

the study of caves

What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?to tell a story, an instructional visual to teach, religious reasons