Podcast # 4 Typography

Define typography?
the art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate type surfaces

Where did the word "typography" originate from?
the greek words for form and writing
What does typography involve?
creating and modifying type using a variety of illustration techniques

What is a typeface?
distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/ design

What is another term for typeface?
fonts

What is a character?
individual symbols that make up a typeface

What is type style?
modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface

What does type style "create" within a design?
variety

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters

What is a base line and what does it indicate?
imaginary line drawn at the bottom of characters

What is an ascender?
part of a character that extends above waist line

What is a descender?
part of character that extends below base line

Describe a serif?
smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top or bottom of a character

How can the size of the typeface be identified?
vertical measurement

What is a point?
a measure unit that goes from top of the ascender to bottom of the descender

How many points are in an inch?
72

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
unit of measure, 6

How many points are in a pica?
12

What is body type and where can it be found?
type sizes that range from 4 pt to 12 pt and are found in reading texts

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
readability

What is display type and how is it used?
type sizes above 12 pt it is used to draw attention

What is reverse type and when would it be used?
white type on a solid black or darker background it is used when to catch attention

What is a typeface classification?
a system for classifying typefaces

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
1400s resembles calligraphy

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
elaborate thick and thin strokes

When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
1500 and 1600 based on ancient greek scripture

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
little thick and little thin have serifs

When were formal scripts developed?
1700 and 1800 based on handwriting

When were casual scripts developed?
2000

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
resembles handwriting

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
1800 and 1900 to break away from traditions

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
thick and thin strokes, serifs

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
500 the renaissance made it disappear

When did they become popular?1920s and 1930s
What does "sans serif" mean?
no serif

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
all the same size no serifs

When was Slab Serif developed and why?
1900 for advertisement

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
uniformed look has serifs

Describe Decorative typefaces?
any other font not in other category

Why were they developed?
for a purpose and with a theme in mind

What are they best used for?
large point font

Review week 14

Identify 5 colleges that offer graphic design (or related) majors. For each, list the school name, location, graphics majors that are offered, requirements for admission.

1. Art Institute of Atlanta; Atlanta GA.; Graphic Design, Advertising, Illustration, interior design, digital design, residential interiors; Interview, application, high school transcript, SAT or ACT

2. Art Center College of Design; Pasadena, CA; advertising, fine art, graphic design, illustration, product design; Portfolio, application

3. Reinhardt College; Waleska GA; Digital Art, Advertising, Communication Arts, Graphic Communication, Graphic Design; 2.0 grade point average, SAT or ACT

4. Savannah College of Art and Design; Savannah GA; Advertising, Graphic Design, Illustration, Illustration Design, Sequential Art; Portfolio, Audition, Writing

5. Meredith College; Raleigh, NC; Graphic Design; SAT 970-1170, ACT 19- 24, recommendations, High school transcript

Answer the following questions in your own words...
What is a portfolio?
A portfolio is a combination of pieces you have made

What is the importance of a portfolio? A portfolio shows people your skills, your talents and weaknesses

Review Week 13

For each of the 8 principles of design, find an example that utilizes the principle within the d

esign. You should have 8 DIFFERENT sample designs. For each, discuss how the particular principle is used.

This uses variety because there are different elements used.

This uses contrast because of the difference in the orange flower and the blue background.

this has proportion because the tree isn't bigger than the buildng

Rhythm is used in this image because it flows together.

Unity is used with the birds being together.

repetition is used in the repeating of the swirls in the sky.

emphasis is used with the red dot.

Balance is in this image because of the variety and repetition of circles and squares.

how do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
to add a layer mask you go to the layers palette and at the bottom you click the button that looks like a square with a circle in the middle.

What two colors are used to create the mask?
Black and white are used to create the mask.

Describe the process of using a layer mask?

To make the layer mask you paint on black to hide areas and paint on white to reveal areas.

Review week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
As designers we use principles of design to arrange the elements of design on a page.

What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?repetition: is when you repeat certain elements in a design.

proportion: is the size of elements in a design

balance: is the distribution of elements in a design

emphasis: is stressing an element in a design

unity: is all the elements flowing together

variety: is the use of different elements in a design

rhythm: is kind of like repetition and when you continue elements in a design

contrast: is differences in a design

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
He makes illustrations and animations.

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
He has been featured in Time, Newsweek, The New Yorker, and The New York Times.

Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...
Was this piece published? Where?
This piece was published in Time.

Balance is used. Balance is used by there not being very much blank space.

Color, lines, and space are being used.

This was published in the Boston Sunday Globe.

Proportion is used by making some things bigger than others.

Texture and space are being used.

What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?
Balance and emphasis are used.

What elements of design were utilized?

Podcast # 3 Principles of Design

Podcast 3

Define principles of design?

Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition

What do the principles of design affect?

The expression of the content or the message of the work

What is the principle of repetition?

Repeating some aspect or element of the design throughout document

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?

It controls viewers eye and helps them pay attention to the piece it also keeps your piece together

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?

Bold fonts, thick lines, certain bullet, color, element, space

What should you avoid when working with repetition?

Becoming overwhelming or annoying

What is the principle of proportion/scale?

Relative size and scale of the various elements in design

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?

Human body

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?

Unusual or unexpected scale

What is the principle of balance?

Distribution of heavy and light elements on page

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?

Size, shape, tone (irregular shapes)

What is another name for symmetrical balance?

Formal balance

Define symmetrical balance?

Weight of composition is evenly distributed around central axis

What is another name for asymmetrical balance?

Informal balance

Define asymmetrical balance?

Weight of composition is not evenly distributed around axis

What is the principle of emphasis?

Stressing of particular area of focus rather than maze or details of equal importance

What happens to a design that has no focus?

Nothing stands out

What is a focal point and how is it created?

Center of interest, area where eye goes first. Created by making one element dominant

How many components of a composition can be a focal point?

one

What ways can emphasis be created in a design?

Sudden change in direction size shape color

What is the principle of unity?

The “wholeness” of composition

What three ways can unity be obtained?

1. put objects close to one another

2. make things similar with color texture and shape

3. direct the eye with a line that travels around design

What is the principle of variety?

Differences and diversity

What ways can a designer add variety to a design?

Vary textures, color, shape, contrast, tone, and intensity

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?

Too much unity is boring but too much variety is chaotic

What is figure?

Form of shape that is naturally perceived

What is another name for figure?

Positive space

What is ground?

Surronding agrea around figure

What is another name for ground?

Negative space

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?

Abstract relationship between visual elements, which element of design is dominant that is the figure

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?

So the figure to ground relationship is balanced

What is the principle of rhythm?

Continuity or reoccurrence

How is rhythm achieved?

Repetition of line, shape, value, and texture

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?

1. intervals between elements and elements have similar sizes

2. organic movement

3. sequence of shapes through progression of steps

How does rhythm help a composition/design?

Helps deliver message, gives life to inanimate page

What is the principle of contrast?

Two related elements are different

How can contrast help a design?

Draws and eye in and guide it through

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?

Too much similarity is boring but too much contrast is confusing

What is the key to working with contrast?

Make sure the differences are obvious

What are some common ways of creating contrast?

Size value color shape direction movement